Does Distant Starlight Prove the Universe Is Old? by Dr Jason Lisle cf
General Relativity: Top 05 Mishaps [inc INTERSTELLAR]
cf
Gravitational Time Dilation - wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking_1
Shapiro time delay - wikipedia
Tests of general relativity - wikipedia
How did we measure the fastest speed there is? | The History of the Speed of Light Part I
Why can't anything go faster than the speed of light? | The History of the Speed of Light Part II
The Truth Why We Can't Travel Faster Than Light thoughty2 3/9/20
It's reported that there is a 5 microsecond difference per year between the atomic clocks at Greenwich and at Boulder Colorado, apparently due to a change in gravity
https://creationwiki.org/Gravitational_time_dilation It's therefore likely that outside of our solar system there is a significant difference in the seeming rigidity of time, and between galaxies that seeming rigidity of time is likely to be considerably different, in interstellar and intergalactic space.
Critics of creation sometimes use distant starlight as an argument
against a young universe. But when we examine this argument carefully, we will see that it does not work.
I'm waiting for phDs to resolve the key truth about the changes in rigidity of time throughout the Cosmos, due to changes in gravity (and the warping of space-time by differing masses, according to General Relativity theory).
One interesting foray into the matter is e/book, by theoretical physicist Unzicker,
Einstein's Lost Key which discusses Relativity and a possible variable speed of light, that Einstein and other physicists also considered. Unzicker appears to describe a steady-state universe, about which we're tempted to conclude there wasn't need of a beginning. However, when considered along with the Cosmic Microwave Background CMB, we still have a remnant fairly uniformly distributed evidence of the big flash as Unzicker calls it.
People get Relativity confused because there's 2 formulations:
Gravity Probe A
He discusses time dilation, as accounted for by GPS, but only the form dealing with motion, not the form of time dilation resulting from a gravitational field or the warping of space-time by proximity to a mass according to Relativity theory. They both say that the speed of light is a constant, but that like with the mentioned wormhole - in agreement with Relativity - time itself speeds up the more distant from any mass, similar to what is thought to happen outside of the solar system and with intergalatic travel for massless photons.
Since atomic clocks run faster, to some uncertain extent, outside of a gravitational field, it's possible that the speed of light, at 300,000 kilometres per second, also has it's per second time altered. So a second can run faster in interstellar and intergalactic space than it does on Earth. This is hypothesized to explain why we see starlight, from vast distances away, within human time frames. And may indicate that distance measurements in light years is an imprecise description of vast distances. Measurements of upto 1000 parsecs will be interesting as they're determined by trigonometry, though the furthest done so far is only that of James Bradley in 1728, "Gamma Draconis is at a distance of 154.3 light-years (47.3 parsecs) from the Sun. But such measurements are limited to within the Milky Way galaxy, so aren't applicable to intergalactic light-years or even just outside our heliosphere, and perhaps to a lesser degree outside Earth orbit - as partially evidenced by GPS adjustments. If these musings are substantiated then the Cosmos needn't be as old as the imprecise measure of light-years could suggest. By reasoning about intergalactic and interstellar light speed, and how that makes distance / time measurements in light years questionable, we remove theorized eons upon which theorized evolution of the universe depends. As time dilation, reducing outside of large masses or gravity wells, becomes the emerging norm it will leave no room for evolution time frames, and therefore "finite controlled" ascension speculation will struggle to stay afloat too. Infinite
controlled ascension speculation is authenticated by unique Bible heptadic structure, and repeatedly raising the dead on demand.
Similarly, the uniformity of the cosmic microwave background CMB could be accounted for by higher speed radiation of microwaves. Without that higher speed the uniformity of CMB has the horizon problem, not currently adequately explained. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizon_problem
Also outlined here
Gravity's effect on the flow of time in General Relativity Physics Videos by Eugene Khutoryansky
How Gravity Affects Time | Gravity and Me | Spark Jan 2019
When theory conflicts with observation then observation prevails. We have solid observation for time dilation, viewed the further we are from any mass, so "varying in space or time" is a fact, though it isn't clear to what extent this occurs outside of our solar system or galaxy. GPS satellite adjustment for time dilation is quite interesting, and highly suggestive of significant time difference outside the solar system.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_permeability
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permittivity
It seems mu0 and epsilon0, in a vacuum, needn't thus far be correct in free interstellar and intergalactic space. Being measured SI units, it hasn't been possible to measure them outside of our solar system or Milky Way galaxy. We can improve on those measurements by partially going beyond the immediate extent of the solar system. Something of that is also mentioned in this video which comments on time dilation for GPS measurements - https://youtu.be/Z4oy6mnkyW4 . Some clarification is here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_time_dilation and
https://www.britannica.com/science/time-dilation and
Time Dilation - Einstein's Theory Of Relativity Explained!
https://youtu.be/yuD34tEpRFw
Someone stated that Einstein's equations 1916 were built on the shoulders of Maxwell's equations 1873. But in Maxwell's and Einstein's times we weren't able to measure or theorize about permeability0 or permittivity0 outside our Milky Way galaxy or perhaps our solar system. ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_light#Measurement ) Why is the speed of light what it is? Maxwell equations vizualised.
It's clear that the speed of light has only been measured within our Milky Way galaxy, so we can't be scientifically certain what it's speed is in the weak gravitational field of intergalactic space (and there may be some variation within interstellar space too). The furthest measurement is stated to be that of James Bradley in 1728, "Gamma Draconis is at a distance of 154.3 light-years (47.3 parsecs) from the Sun,[1] as determined by parallax measurements from the Hipparcos astrometry satellite" ie well within the stated 100,000 light year diameter of the Milky Way.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_Draconis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bradley
Measurements of upto 1000 parsecs will be valid as they're determined by trigonometry. But such measurements are limited to within the Milky Way galaxy, so aren't applicable to intergalactic light-years/speed. Again similarly, "We can be confident from physical parallax measurements using simple trigonometry, by the Hubble Space Telescope, that at least a "size"/distance up to a maximum of about 1000 parsecs or 3,260 light years(for parallax measurements) can be used for Stellar Aberration measurements for stars in our galaxy, ie still within the Milky Way."
Also General Relativity predicts that time dilation occurs ("varying in space or time") the closer to any mass. GPS satellite adjustment for time dilation is quite interesting, and highly suggestive of significant time dilation, viewed outside the solar system. see https://youtu.be/Z4oy6mnkyW4 General Relativity: Top 05 Mishaps [inc INTERSTELLAR].
We know that GPS satellites are adjusted for time dilation,
https://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/pogge.1/Ast162/Unit5/gps.html, so any testing for that can improve on those adjustments the further we go from Earth orbit. Eventually a more ideal time dilation test will be done in interstellar space, but in the meantime we can improve on currently known results as we go incrementally further from Earth, out into the solar system away from the Sun and planets beyond the heliosphere.
"... the satellites are in orbits high above the Earth, where the curvature of spacetime due to the Earth's mass is less than it is at the Earth's surface. A prediction of General Relativity is that clocks closer to a massive object will seem to tick more slowly than those located further away (see the Black Holes lecture). As such, when viewed from the surface of the Earth, the clocks on the satellites appear to be ticking faster than identical clocks on the ground. A calculation using General Relativity predicts that the clocks in each GPS satellite should get ahead of ground-based clocks by 45 microseconds per day. ...
The engineers who designed the GPS system included these relativistic effects when they designed and deployed the system. For example, to counteract the General Relativistic effect once in orbit, the onboard clocks were designed to "tick" at a slower frequency than ground reference clocks, so that once they were in their proper orbit stations their clocks would appear to tick at about the correct rate as compared to the reference atomic clocks at the GPS ground stations."
Again, when theory conflicts with observation then observation prevails.
https://physics.info/general-relativity/
If we aspire to lead internationally in our scientific society we are required to emulate the rigor of modern cultures, not dealing in half truths, however unintentional. Sloppy scholarship is a recipe for crisis of confidence and counterfeit pet theories, not untypical of what cause youth to abandon church once they go to university. Discussion documents are alright, no one has all the insights, but where there's rigor available, discussion ought to address it's pros and cons in a well reasoned and logical - key issues - manner, and ebook, that reduces susceptibility to half truths, in the international community. Such an effort can require input from special interest folks or forums, to manage unknowns and the work.
http://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/israel/2021/june/successful-high-power-laser-interception-test-offers-strategic-upgrade-in-israel-rsquo-s-air-defense
https://www.skywatchtv.com/2021/06/22/dimensional/
UAP UFOs seem extradimensional rather than extraterrestrial
https://www.rt.com/usa/526661-ufo-government-extraterrestrial-extradimensional/
Atomic Clocks Are Reinventing Time Bloomberg Quicktake 20/2/21
https://youtu.be/hzLTgtFaPLY
How Atomic Clocks Work Dom Burgess 2017
https://youtu.be/l8CI3bs9rvY